S2 · Functions · FUNC.LINEAR

Linear functions

A linear function has the form . m is the slope and b the y-intercept.

Practice this skill
Intuition

Understand first, compress later.

m describes how much y changes when x increases by 1. b tells you where the line starts at .

Switch representations
Linear functionf(x) = x
-8-6-4-202468-10-5510xy
Δx = 2Δy = 2
y-intercept
graph of fΔx (run)Δy (rise)y-intercept
The line meets the y-axis at 0. From there 2 to the right and 2 up: that ratio is the slope m = 1.
Formal view

For two points, . Then b can be determined from .

Why does it work?

A constant rate of change means equal changes in x always produce equal changes in y — geometrically, a straight line.